Flying Drones in Pennsylvania: Don't Break These Laws!
Understanding the legal landscape is crucial before flying drones in Pennsylvania. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the governing body for airspace, establishes regulations that drone operators must adhere to nationwide. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) oversees state-specific guidelines, often involving registration requirements and operational restrictions in certain areas. Familiarizing yourself with Part 107 of the FAA regulations, a crucial set of rules for commercial drone operations, is essential. Furthermore, understanding the concept of visual line of sight (VLOS), a key limitation impacting how and where you can operate, directly influences your ability to safely and legally enjoy flying drones in Pennsylvania. Ensuring compliance with these standards will keep your flying drones in Pennsylvania experience safe, legal, and enjoyable.
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Flying Drones in Pennsylvania: Understanding the Law
If you're thinking about flying drones in Pennsylvania, it's crucial to understand the applicable regulations. Ignorance isn't an excuse, and violating drone laws can result in fines and other penalties. This guide outlines the key legal considerations to ensure your flights are safe and compliant. We will focus on both federal and state regulations impacting flying drones in Pennsylvania.
Federal Regulations: The FAA's Role
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has primary authority over airspace within the United States, including where drones operate.
Registration Requirements
Most drones flown for recreational or commercial purposes must be registered with the FAA. The registration process is simple and involves providing your contact information and details about your drone.
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Recreational Flyers: If your drone weighs more than 0.55 pounds (250 grams) and less than 55 pounds, you must register under Part 107 or the Exception for Recreational Flyers.
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Commercial Flyers: Commercial drone operators must register under Part 107 and obtain a Remote Pilot Certificate (explained below).
Remote Pilot Certificate (Part 107)
If you intend to use your drone for any commercial purpose – including taking photos or videos to sell, inspecting property for a client, or any other activity where you receive compensation – you must obtain a Remote Pilot Certificate under FAA Part 107. This involves passing an FAA knowledge test.
Operational Rules Under Part 107
The FAA's Part 107 regulations outline specific operational rules that all commercial drone pilots must follow. These rules cover a range of topics, including:
- Visual Line of Sight (VLOS): You must always maintain visual line of sight of your drone.
- Altitude Restrictions: Generally, you cannot fly your drone higher than 400 feet above ground level (AGL).
- Daylight Operations: Drones are typically only permitted to operate during daylight hours, or during civil twilight (30 minutes before sunrise and 30 minutes after sunset) with appropriate anti-collision lighting.
- Airspace Restrictions: You must not fly in restricted airspace, such as near airports, without authorization. The FAA's B4UFLY app can help you determine airspace restrictions.
- Speed Limits: Drones must not exceed 87 knots (100 mph).
- Operations Over People: Flying over people is restricted without a waiver from the FAA.
Pennsylvania State Laws Regarding Drones
Beyond the FAA's regulations, Pennsylvania has its own laws concerning drone usage. These laws often address privacy concerns and restrict drone operations in specific locations.
Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes - Title 18 § 3505
This Statute covers voyeurism and is applicable to drone use. It is illegal to:
- Use a drone to intentionally view or photograph another person without their knowledge or consent in a place where they have a reasonable expectation of privacy.
Drone Usage on State Game Lands
The Pennsylvania Game Commission has specific regulations regarding drone use on state game lands. Generally, drones are prohibited from taking off or landing on state game lands without written permission from the Game Commission's Executive Director. Flying over game lands may also be restricted depending on the specific area and activities taking place.
Drone Usage in State Parks and Forests
The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) manages state parks and forests. Drone operation within these areas are generally permitted, however, there are restrictions:
- Sensitive Natural Areas: Drone use may be restricted or prohibited in sensitive natural areas to protect wildlife and habitats.
- Permits: Commercial drone operations may require a permit from the DCNR.
- Disturbance: Drone operations must not disturb other visitors or wildlife.
Local Ordinances
Cities, townships, and boroughs in Pennsylvania may also have their own ordinances related to drone usage. It is crucial to check local regulations before flying your drone in any area. For instance, a municipality might have noise ordinances that affect drone operations or prohibit drone flights in specific parks.
Understanding Airspace
Knowing the different types of airspace and how to obtain authorization to fly in restricted airspace is crucial for safe and legal drone operations.
Controlled Airspace
Controlled airspace surrounds most airports and requires authorization from the FAA before flying a drone. The FAA's LAANC (Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability) system allows drone pilots to obtain near real-time authorization to fly in controlled airspace near airports.
Uncontrolled Airspace
Uncontrolled airspace, also known as Class G airspace, generally does not require authorization, but pilots must still adhere to FAA regulations, such as altitude restrictions.
Restricted Airspace
Restricted airspace, such as military operating areas (MOAs), requires authorization from the controlling agency before flying a drone. The FAA's B4UFLY app and sectional charts provide information about restricted airspace.
Key Resources for Pennsylvania Drone Pilots
Here are some helpful resources for drone pilots operating in Pennsylvania:
- FAA Website: The FAA's website provides comprehensive information about drone regulations, registration, and safety guidelines.
- FAA B4UFLY App: This app helps pilots determine airspace restrictions and provides real-time alerts.
- Pennsylvania Game Commission Website: This website provides information about drone regulations on state game lands.
- Pennsylvania DCNR Website: This website provides information about drone regulations in state parks and forests.
- Local Municipal Websites: Check the websites of the city, township, or borough where you plan to fly your drone for local ordinances.
Video: Flying Drones in Pennsylvania: Don't Break These Laws!
